Which cognitive disorder is commonly associated with difficulties in concentration and hyperactivity?

The correct answer is ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This cognitive disorder is characterized by significant challenges in maintaining attention, which often manifests as difficulties in concentration. Individuals with ADHD may also exhibit hyperactivity, meaning they might be excessively restless or unable to stay still. The symptoms can vary in intensity and can affect a person's ability to focus on tasks both in academic and everyday settings.

ADHD is distinct from other cognitive disorders because it specifically involves a combination of attention difficulties and hyperactivity. While dyslexia relates to challenges with reading and language processing, autism encompasses a wider range of developmental issues that may affect communication and social interaction without the specific hallmark of hyperactivity or attention deficits associated with ADHD. Similarly, memory deficits typically pertain to challenges with retaining or recalling information, which does not overlap with the concentration and hyperactivity aspects of ADHD.