Which federal law is primarily associated with protections against discrimination in health programs?

The correct choice is associated with Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), which is specifically designed to prohibit discrimination in health programs and activities that receive federal funding. This section extends protections against discrimination based on race, color, national origin, sex, age, and disability. It mandates that individuals have equal access to health care services, ensuring that no one is denied care or subjected to different treatment based on these characteristics.

While the Civil Rights Act addresses broader issues of discrimination in various areas, including employment and public accommodations, it does not specifically target health programs. The Fair Housing Act focuses on discrimination in housing, which is not directly related to health care. The Family and Medical Leave Act provides job protection for eligible employees needing to take time off for medical reasons but does not address discrimination in health programs. Therefore, Section 1557 is the most relevant federal law when discussing protections against discrimination in health services and access to care.