Which principle of universal design emphasizes tolerance for error?

The principle of universal design that emphasizes tolerance for error is indeed focused on creating environments and products that minimize hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. This principle recognizes that users, regardless of their ability, can make mistakes, and therefore, designs should accommodate these errors to prevent negative outcomes.

For instance, a design that allows users to easily undo a mistake, such as a back button on software or a safe way to exit a potentially erroneous input screen, embodies this principle. By incorporating tolerance for error, designers can enhance usability and improve the overall user experience, making it more forgiving for individuals who may find themselves in situations where they could misinterpret instructions, input information incorrectly, or act out of sequence.

The other principles, while significant in the context of universal design, focus on different aspects. For example, flexibility in use emphasizes providing options for various ways to use a product, while size and space for approach and use ensures that designs can accommodate a range of body sizes and mobility levels. Equitable use is about ensuring that designs are accessible to people of diverse abilities. However, none of these specifically target the aspect of minimizing errors as thoroughly as the principle of tolerance for error does.